The United States is taking steps to replenish its Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) following the largest-ever sale from the stockpile in 2022. The Energy Department has announced plans to purchase millions of barrels of oil for delivery in early 2025, with a recent acquisition of 1.5 million barrels set for January delivery to the Bayou Choctaw SPR site in Louisiana.

The SPR, established in 1975 by President Gerald Ford in response to the Arab oil embargo, serves as the world’s largest emergency oil reserve. Stored in underground caverns along the Texas and Louisiana coasts, it has been tapped by presidents to stabilize oil markets during conflicts involving oil-producing nations and natural disasters affecting Gulf Coast oil infrastructure.

In 2022, the Biden administration authorized a historic sale of 180 million barrels over six months to address rising gasoline prices following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. An additional 38 million barrels were sold as mandated by Congress. The administration reports selling the 180 million barrels at an average price of $95 per barrel and aims to repurchase oil at $79.99 or less.

The Energy Department is now focused on buying back 2 million barrels of domestically produced sour crude per month for delivery between January and March 2025. This oil will be stored at the Bryan Mound site in Texas, which has recently completed maintenance work.

To date, the administration has repurchased nearly 45 million barrels at an average price of $77 and expedited the return of about 5 million barrels from loans to oil companies. However, the replenishment efforts face potential challenges, including fluctuating oil prices and geopolitical tensions in the Middle East that could impact the buyback plans.

As the November 5 presidential election approaches, the administration is cautious about large-volume buybacks that might drive up oil and gasoline prices. Energy Secretary Jennifer Granholm has emphasized the importance of avoiding actions that could reduce market supply during periods of high prices.

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